The CNC lathe or a battery of CNC lathes are now the top in the industrial production of metallic components. For the machining of the bar, CNC lathes range Cami is a further evolution in terms of performance, as well as being much faster than any competing model, enabling management of all CNC lathes of the plant, up to 254 back to the LAN with a single remote control capability.

The CNC (computer numerical control in English), until the eighties that were only used for high-precision, are now very popular and used in almost every field of mechanics. The technology of CNC machines has covered a bit 'all branches of mechanics, CNC machines are the most common press brakes, punch presses, lathes, milling machines and metal cutting machines (laser, oxyfuel, plasma, waterjet, etc. ..) They represent the evolution of NC machines, because they allow the control conducted by an external computer (CNC).

CAPACITY 'PRODUCTION OF CNC lathe

Most centers are equipped with computer controlled vertical movement of the spindle can produce engravings, sculptures and works of great precision. Work carried out on these machines can also get to be indistinguishable to a non-expert eye over art objects made by hand. If used with spherical or conical burrs can get to create absolutely smooth surfaces, high precision, quickly and automatically to a very low cost. The best CNC machines come to an accuracy of one ten-thousandth of a millimeter (100 nanometers).

The CNC machines are equipped with advanced head (tilting axis) gyroscopically can rotate along two axes (usually called A, B, C, or 4). This allows you to tilt the tool with respect to all plans of work making it possible to create very complex shapes with forms of organic and easily achievable even with a manual operation, such as a cavity with a single hole very tight but sufficient to move the cutter. The tilt heads also allow you to optimize the process allowing you to work with the tool tilted with respect to the plan forward, avoid using the tool at zero speed (center of rotation of the cutter). With the most recent numerical controls are starting to implement advanced features of working surfaces, 3D NURBS surfaces allowing you to work natively without the need for intermediate CAM programs. The efficient use of these machines can be done by copying and accessories for special molds or a computer, through a chain of programs: first, create an object with the CAD, which is then passed to the CAM, which is responsible for creating the program for the realization of a given machine, and then the program is executed by the machine creating the material object.

Virtually all modern CNC machines are "closed loop" (closed chain or feedback): Each axis has an encoder (rotary encoders or linear scales) that allow the control to know at any moment the position of head of production compared to workpiece. The use of linear scales allows the complete recovery of the transmission of the games and not by directly measuring the position of the moving parts and therefore more precise work.

THE AXIS CNC LATHE

The main feature of these machines is the number of degrees of freedom available, these axes of the machine. For the drills are usually 3, 4 or 5, you go back for 2 to 4, punching and cutting machines generally have 2 or 3, while panels (FINN-POWER, Salvagnini ...) come to 24 aces. The brakes may have up to 11 axes and the machines are "individual" more complex, special machines and large portals combined processing can have as many as tens of degrees of freedom or different axes. The most common types are

2 axes: movement only on X and Y. Limited to flat work pieces with no variation in depth.

2.5-axis (two axes and a half): These are machines that can operate on all three axes, but only in discrete steps of one of them (usually the Z axis), ie only manage interpolation on two axes . They are now the cheapest type.

4 and 5 axis: in addition to the motion on three axes X, Y and Z is added to the inclination (and possibly rotation) of the spindle of a swivel rotary table or fixed to the machine table. These machines can produce virtually any kind of shape if the shape of the concavity does not go through interference with the spindle. These machines are very expensive, and are also used for working on very large pieces (turbines, propellers, motor shells, stamps ...)

Industry of the large transports are also used machines called "8-axis" or "axis 10": these centers employ two independent newspapers, can speed up processing of very large pieces such as extruded aluminum and steel for the coffers of the trains or aircraft sheet metal.

CONTROL FOR CNC LATHES

Generally, the programming of these machines is done using a standardized language, the so-called ISO, in reference to the standard ISO 6983, which establishes a common basis to all CNC machines, virtually all manufacturers, however, extend or alter the functions provided for ISO, that the standard should be considered a rough guide for programmers, which is integrated with the manuals of the particular machine to be programmed. As an example, here is a simple program for a generic ISO milling:

P00001 (SAMPLE PROGRAM)

N10 G54 G01 G90 G80 G40 G94;

N20 S1000 F300; (spindle 1000 revs / min - drive axle 300 m / min)

N30 M03 M08; (start spindle rotation - switch coolant)

N40 X100. Y100.;

N50 X0.;

Y0 N60.;

N70 X100.;

N80 Y100.;

N90 M05 M09; (Spindle stop - stop coolant)

N100 M30; (program termination)

In principle, the G codes determine how the work, the M codes to activate and deactivate additional functions of the machine, while the codes X, Y, Z axes move the corresponding quantity (or proportion) specified.

Also known as CNC lathe (acronym for Computer Numerical Control), in a sense represents the highest evolution of the machine tool of which we speak. He can do everything they do other types described above, but everything happens in a completely automatic controlled by a computer. The parameters of the desired part are entered into a program and move the machine elements controlled by the computer to which, simultaneously with the processing, the signals coming from different sensors (laser) placed in key points so you can keep a constant eye the good performance of the work. If for any reason (for example, the consumption of the tool), the sensor registers that the piece does not fall more into the set there is a system that immediately provides the necessary correction. The accuracy of parts made with this machine is very high, the order of hundredths or even thousandths of a millimeter. In this case, the operator only has control of the data displayed by the computer and possibly control of the products sampled.

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